Who was Malcolm X and what did he advocate?

Malcolm X was a prominent civil rights activist known for his strong advocacy of black nationalism and self-defense. He emerged as a significant figure in the civil rights movement during the 1960s and was a leading spokesperson for the Nation of Islam, which emphasized pride in African heritage, self-determination, and the importance of black identity. Unlike those who promoted nonviolent approaches to civil rights, Malcolm X believed that African Americans should defend themselves actively against systemic oppression and violence. His call for self-defense resonated with many who felt that the existing methods of protest were insufficient in the face of aggressive discriminatory practices.

His advocacy for black nationalism focused on the idea of separating from oppressive societal structures and promoting economic and social independence within the African American community. Through his speeches and writings, Malcolm X challenged the status quo and pushed for a more radical rethinking of the civil rights agenda, emphasizing the need for systemic change rather than just integration. This distinct perspective attracted a significant following and highlighted the diverse philosophies within the larger civil rights movement.