Who led Cuba from 1961 to 2011 after a successful revolution?

The correct choice is Fidel Castro, who was the central figure in the Cuban Revolution and served as the Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then as the President of the Council of State and the President of the Council of Ministers from 1976 until he retired in 2008. His leadership significantly shaped Cuba's communist government and its relationship with the United States, especially during the Cold War era, including events like the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

His brother Raúl Castro, while also an important figure in the Cuban government and revolution, did not assume leadership until Fidel stepped down due to health issues, marking him as leader from 2008 to 2018. Ramón Castro, Fidel's other brother, played a lesser role in national politics, and Che Guevara, while a revolutionary leader and key figure in establishing Cuba's early government, left Cuba in 1965 and did not lead the country. Fidel Castro's long-standing reign directly ties to many significant historical events, solidifying his role as the most recognized leader during the stated period.