Which statement best describes Malcolm X's philosophy?

Malcolm X's philosophy is best captured by the concept of advocacy for self-determination and self-defense. He strongly believed that African Americans should have the right to establish their own identity, culture, and communities without relying on or being subject to the dominant white society. His approach emphasized the necessity of self-defense when it came under attack, rejecting the notion that African Americans should passively accept aggression or oppression.

Malcolm X's stance was also influenced by his experiences and involvement with the Nation of Islam, where he promoted Black nationalism and empowerment. This outlook differed significantly from other civil rights leaders who favored more conciliatory approaches or integration into mainstream American society.

While he did address issues of racial inequality and injustice, his philosophy was not centered on non-violent protest; instead, it recognized the legitimacy of armed self-defense. This perspective uniquely positioned him within the broader civil rights movement, as he often critiqued and distanced himself from traditional civil rights strategies and the leadership of figures like Martin Luther King Jr. who prioritized non-violence and racial integration. Malcolm X's philosophy was revolutionary, challenging the status quo and pushing for a more radical re-evaluation of race relations in America.