What significant legislation is associated with the Department of Education?

The No Child Left Behind Act, passed in 2001, is indeed significant legislation associated with the Department of Education. This act represented a major overhaul of federal education policy and aimed to improve educational outcomes for all students, particularly those in disadvantaged circumstances. It introduced measures such as standardized testing to hold schools accountable for student performance and aimed to close the achievement gap by providing greater support to schools serving low-income students.

While other options, such as the Every Student Succeeds Act and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, also relate to education policies, the No Child Left Behind Act is particularly noteworthy for its comprehensive approach to accountability in education that had profound implications on how schools operate and teach students across the United States. The Affordable Care Act pertains to healthcare rather than education, thereby not falling within the relevant context of the question regarding significant education legislation.